Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Overview about ICSI

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection or ICSI procedure is a type of Assisted Reproductive Technology that is used to help couples who are unable to conceive due to severe male factor infertility.

In this procedure, a washed and prepared sperm is directly injected into the ovum (or egg) which assists in fertilization. This procedure is done as a part of an IVF technique.

Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Who should go for ICSI Treatment ?

ICSI IVF procedures are recommended for couples who are facing certain specific male factor infertility problems. It is usually advised to individuals having :

Low Sperm Count :

ICSI is considered to be an effective option for men with problems related to low sperm count. During ICSI, the strongest and the healthiest sperm are isolated, collected, and cleansed and one healthy sperm is injected into the egg.

Reduced Sperm Motility :

ICSI treatment when combined with IVF treatment helps in treating male infertility as it helps to bypass the issue of abnormal or bad sperm motility by directly injecting a single sperm into the egg.

Inability of sperm to penetrate the egg :

In cases where sperm fails to penetrate the outer layer of the egg due to different reasons, thereby affecting the sperm’s ability to swim. ICSI is helpful for couples with male infertility.

Previous infertility treatment and IUI failures :

ICSI is also considered to be the best infertility treatment in cases of multiple IUI failures or repeated failures of other infertility treatments. ICSI when combined with IVF improves the chances of egg fertilization.

ICSI Candidates
  • Male factor infertility
  • Abnormal sperm morphology
  • unexplained infertility & IUI failure
  • Avoidance of transmission of infectious disease (eg.HIV)
  • Advanced maternal age or low ovarian reserve
ICSI PROCESS
A STEP BY STEP GUIDE
1
Ovarian Stimulation

The female partner is given medication to stimulate the development of follicles in the ovary on Day 2 of her menstruation. The stimulation is done till day 6 or as is deemed appropriate by the specialist.

2
Sperm Preparation

Sperm are extracted from the male partner and are then washed and concentrated. Healthy sperm are then collected for further examination.

3
Egg Retrieval

Medication and final stimulation lead to the release of the mature egg. The egg is collected in the clinic and is done by ultrasound guidance under sedation. The retrieved egg is then sent for processing in the ART laboratory.

4
Egg and Sperm Examination

The retrieved egg and sperm are sent to the specialized labs for examination by fertility experts. Prior examination of the health of egg and sperm helps in a smooth and successful ICSI treatment.

5
Introduction of sperm into the egg

The healthy sperm is then directly transferred into the cytoplasm of the egg to enhance the chances of fertilization.

6
Transferring fertilized eggs into the uterus

After confirmation of successful fertilization, the fertilized eggs are then transferred into the uterus to allow implantation to occur.

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FAQ's
Most Common Questions
ICSI is considered to be helpful in conditions related to male infertility where abnormal semen analysis is diagnosed. You can go for ICSI if you have:
  • Unexplained infertility
  • Poor sperm fertilization with IVF treatment
  • Abnormal sperm test results
  • Single parents
  • Bad sperm motility

The major difference between IVF and ICSI procedures is the process of sperm fertilization with the egg. In IVF, the egg and sperm are left in a petri dish to allow fertilization to occur on its own. In ICSI, the selected sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of the egg to increase the chances of fertilization.
The consulting infertility specialist may prescribe certain investigations for both male and female partners. For the female partner investigations may include to check for integrity and/or blockages in the fallopian tubes and hormonal levels such as FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), Estrogen and Progesterone. For male partners a sperm analysis may be recommended along with tests for infectious diseases.
Some of the risks associated with ICSI treatment are:
  • The needle insertion can impact a small number of eggs by damaging them
  • Miscarriage Use of any type of ovarian stimulatio
  • Cardiac problems in infants
  • Around 0.8% chances of Chromosomal Abnormality in baby

IVF or ICSI procedures in some cases may lead to twin pregnancies. However, the advancement in technology has led to the introduction of the transfer of a single embryo to prevent the occurrence of multiple or twin pregnancies.


Fact: While some people perceive babies born out of IVF or related treatments and procedures aren’t normal, it is important to state that pregnancy conceived out of these treatments can be treated as a normal pregnancy after successful pregnancy results.
Fact: In ICSI treatment, only one healthy sperm is enough is required for successful egg fertilization.
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